Indian Wildlife Club Forum

Came across two Greater Racket-tailed drongos taking turns to rub their beaks on the trunk of a papaya tree seemingly trying to consume something. Turns out the trunks of papaya trees secrete a milky, white liquid called latex, which is also the source of the enzyme papain. The latex oozes out when the tree is cut or damaged and when a raw papaya is cut but not when a ripe papaya is cut. Papain has wound healing properties which helps papaya trees and raw papayas to heal but is not required in ripe ones. Fruits are for protecting its seeds and fruits becomes ripe when their seeds are mature enough to reproduce. Ripe fruits emanate sweet smells attracting birds and animals to eat them and in the process the seeds get dispersed. So there will be no latex in ripe papayas.

I didn't know about this before and though I have seen latex oozing out of raw papayas innumerable times I never asked or tried to understand what it is. Those birds knew and were ingesting it to improve their immune system. Most humans don't and this is baffling because we are also believed to have evolved from animals.

Ophiophobia may not be a commonly used word. It summarizes everything about an animal that was revered in ancient societies and became detested with time.

Of all the animals we come in contact with, be it animals in the wild or in human settlement areas, majority of them hurt us physically or damage our assets. Dogs, cats, cows, elephants, crows, all chase and attack us. But there is one animal that does neither and strives to stay away from us as much as possible yet we kill them at every possible opportunity. This is humanity's complex and paradoxical relationship with snakes.

From my early days at my dad's ancestral house I have seen snakes getting killed. That was a time when houses were less and there was greenery everywhere. The last snake I saw getting killed was a cobra in 2007. Killing snakes in the name of them being venomous is so normalized even now the only thing that comes to people's minds when they see snakes is to kill them.

I started going to the wetlands as part of my morning walks from 2014 and  got into photography of birds and other wetland wildlife. The pathways around wetlands are narrow with dense foliage on both sides. Such places should normally teem with snakes but all I saw were the non venomous rat snakes and chequered keelbacks.

So where are all the other snakes? They are cold blooded animals which means they don't sweat and consequently cannot bear sun's heat. So from 7 am to 7 pm they hide in the foliage and hunt at night making them nocturnal animals.

I befriended a 60+ year old guy at the wetlands who has been a lifelong wildlife enthusiast and has been monitoring and photographing wildlife at wetlands for decades. One day while walking with him I asked him about the snakes at wetlands and he responded saying there are cobras all around us. Turned out his brother used to work at the state forest department and used to bring injured animals home in cagesfor nursing them and he developed the ability to find animals by their scent. Snakes smell by opening their mouths and flicking their tongues in the air and he could recognize the smell from cobra mouths.

So I dug into snakes and what I learned about them completely changed my perception about  them. First of all humans are not on the menu of snakes except the extremely rare cases of small children getting killed and consumed  by constrictors such as anaconda and python. Venom produced by venomous snakes is for hunting prey and self protection. Proteins are the building blocks of life on Earth and snakes and other venomous animals have developed the remarkable ability to convert proteins into venom. Snake venoms are either neurotoxic or hemotoxic which means they either destroy the nervous system resulting in paralysis and death or destroy blood coagulation leading to death by bleeding.
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Complex life forms most likely started off as herbivores and some among them evolved into carnivores because of stiff competition for food. Herbivores developed the ability to process protein from plant based diet and carnivores adapted to getting protein from their herbivore prey. All animals need continuous supply of protein to suvrive and reproduce. It is this precious protein snakes use to create venom which can take up to 7 days so it makes complete sense to use it judiciously. Humans are not their prey so it makes no sense to waste venom on us. Then why bite us?

We kill them because we fear their venom and they feel threatened by us. The fear factor is reciprocal. Most venomous snakes display warning signs to stay away from them because they don't want to waste their venom on any animal that is not their prey. Self protection is the only other reason for using venom. Some snakes also do what is known as dry bite wherein they bite without injecting venom. It is said that almost 80% of human deaths caused by snake bites are due to fear and not because of venom.

Snakes have adapted to live in human areas because of rodents such as rats that are food source for them in abundant supply.  But what most people do not seem to understand is, snakes that come before us are mostly sub adults and not adults. For better understanding kittens of cats have four development stages -1) immature when they feed on their mother's milk 2) juvenile when mothers start feeding them food 3) sub adult when they become independent of their mother and 4) adult when they are ready to reproduce. Snakes in comparison cannot feed their babies so they emerge from eggs with venom to hunt which means they skip the immature and juvenile stages and start off as sub adults. They are in the process of understanding the world, learning to hunt, figuring out the do's and don'ts and most importantly avoiding us.

Recently in Kerala two children were bitten by a venomous snake inside their house. It was a sub adult and had wandered into the house and on to a bed. One child was bitten on his back as he lay down on the bed and the other was bitten on the sole of his feet. The first child became gravely ill quickly and died in a few hours in spite of getting treatment but the second child recovered. Turned out the snake had injected a large amount of venom into the body of the first child and consequently did not have enough venom when biting the second child. Injecting the right amount of venom could be a crucial aspect for the survival of snakes which they have to learn through experience.

Snakes are an integral part of our environment and we cannot simply kill them all. They have adapted to us now it is upon us to understand them and adapt accordingly. We cannot expect to walk anywhere we want after dark and not get bitten by snakes when it is their time to feed.  We need to understand that they are cold blooded animals and prefer to stay in dark places so we should educate our children about snakes and make sure they know to avoid places where snakes can be present.

Snakes have been vilified from the time of the Bible but they were revered in all ancient civilizations. In the Hindu pantheon of Gods Vishnu the preserver is depicted as sleeping on the coils of a serpent and Shiva the destroyer is depicted with a serpent coiled around his neck. We are yet to decode the scientific meaning of the depictions. Our phobia about snakes has descended into paranoia which is why even a thought or comment about them evokes fear in us. I have asked several people if they have ever seen or heard about snakes chasing and biting humans. They have no answer but still get the chills every time they hear the word snake. Over generations we have been groomed to detest their faces, scales, venom and everything else about them. Greater understanding about the role they play in nature's ecosystem coulde

Nature has been humanity's oldest pharmacy, providing healing remedies and sustaining life for thousands of years. The Himalayan region of Jammu and Kashmir, blessed with diverse climatic conditions and rich biodiversity, is home to hundreds of medicinal and aromatic plant species that have been used in traditional systems of medicine for centuries. Recognizing the immense value of this natural heritage, the Jammu and Kashmir Medicinal Plants Introduction Centre (JKMPIC), under the banner of "Nature Heals," is committed to the conservation, cultivation, research, and promotion of medicinal plants and indigenous knowledge.

Nature Heals – Jammu and Kashmir Medicinal Plants Introduction Centre serves as a platform for preserving the unique botanical wealth of the region and promoting awareness about the therapeutic importance of Himalayan herbs. The Centre aims to bridge traditional wisdom with modern scientific understanding, ensuring that the benefits of medicinal plants are passed on to future generations while contributing to sustainable development and environmental conservation.

Jammu and Kashmir possesses a remarkable diversity of medicinal plants, including Ashwagandha, Saffron, Kalonji, Linseed, Lavender, Chamomile, Shatavari, Cardiospermum halicacabum, and numerous other valuable species. These plants have played an essential role in Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, and folk medicine traditions and continue to attract growing interest from researchers, herbal industries, and health-conscious communities around the world.

One of the principal objectives of the Centre is to encourage the cultivation and sustainable utilization of medicinal plants among farmers and rural communities. By introducing economically important species and providing technical guidance, the Centre seeks to generate livelihood opportunities while reducing pressure on wild populations. The promotion of medicinal plant-based entrepreneurship and value addition is expected to contribute significantly to the socio-economic development of the region.

Nature Heals also emphasizes environmental stewardship and biodiversity conservation. Through educational programs, awareness campaigns, publications, and eco-tourism initiatives, the Centre strives to inspire people to appreciate and protect the natural treasures of Jammu and Kashmir. The concept of "Nature Heals" reflects the belief that a healthy environment and traditional herbal knowledge are fundamental to human well-being and sustainable living.

In an era when natural remedies and holistic healthcare are receiving renewed global attention, the Jammu and Kashmir Medicinal Plants Introduction Centre stands as a beacon of hope and innovation. By preserving the herbal heritage of the Himalayas and promoting responsible use of medicinal resources, the Centre seeks to create a harmonious relationship between people and nature. Through research, conservation, education, and community participation, Nature Heals continues its mission of unlocking the healing potential of the region's extraordinary medicinal plants for the benefit of present and future generations.

More : https://jkmpic.blogspot.com

For most visitors, 2 to 3 days are enough to enjoy the best wildlife experiences in Tadoba. A stay of two nights allows you to take multiple jeep safaris, explore different safari zones, and improve your chances of spotting the Royal Bengal Tiger along with leopards, sloth bears, wild dogs, gaur, and numerous bird species. However, wildlife sightings are never guaranteed, which is why many nature enthusiasts prefer spending three to four days in the reserve. A longer stay gives you access to more safari drives across different gates, increasing the opportunity to witness diverse landscapes and animal behavior. The ideal duration also depends on your interests. If your primary goal is wildlife photography or tiger tracking, a 3-night stay is highly recommended. Whether you are planning a weekend getaway or an extended wildlife holiday, Tadoba National Park offers an unforgettable jungle experience. Most travelers find that 2 nights and 3 days provide the perfect balance between safari adventures, relaxation, and wildlife exploration in one of India's most popular tiger reserves.

The Taj Mahal is one of those super iconic monuments in the world, it’s a living symbol of eternal love. Even when it’s daytime or late afternoon, it still looks amazing but honestly nothing really compares to that magical feeling when you see it at sunrise. The gentle golden rays from the morning sun spread over the white marble and somehow everything looks more dreamlike, it becomes a breathtaking sight that pulls travellers from everywhere. A Sunrise Taj Mahal Tour from Delhi is a perfect idea if you want to experience the wonder in a calmer, more photogenic moment.

So, whether you’ve been there already or it’s your first visit, a Taj Mahal Sunrise Tour from Delhi gives you an unforgettable ride that mixes history and local culture, plus those views that just don’t quit, not even on a second look.

Why Choose a Sunrise Taj Mahal Tour?

In the early morning hours, it feels like the best moment to wander around the Taj Mahal, before the crowds show up later in the day. The weather is usually quite pleasant, the surroundings seem calm, and those shifting hues on the marble monument do something really special. It’s like the whole place is a quiet stage, and you can just… soak it in.

For that, many travellers lean toward a sunrise tour, because well, it just works out better:

1.     Less congestion, plus entry lines tend to be shorter

2.     More comfortable temperatures, especially in summer when the heat can get pushy

3.     Photos come out beautifully, since the light changes fast and looks natural

4.     A sightseeing experience that feels peaceful, almost unhurried

5.     You get to see the Taj Mahal’s colours evolve as the sun rises, bit by bit

A Taj Mahal sunrise tour from Delhi by car lets you travel with minimal fuss; while also making sure you spend the most possible time at the monument itself.

Early Morning Departure from Delhi

The tour Begins somewhere around 2:30 AM to 3:30 AM, it really depends on the season, and how early the sunrise is. A professional driver meets you at your hotel, or the airport, or wherever you prefer to be picked up in Delhi.

The drive from Delhi to Agra often feels like three to four hours, give or take a bit. Along the way, you can unwind, look around at the passing views, or stop for a short moment at one of those highway rest stops.

And honestly, a Taj Mahal Sunrise Day Tour by Car is a great plan for travellers who care about privacy, flexibility, and comfort, you get to move at your own pace.

Arriving at the Taj Mahal

When you reach Agra before sunrise, you’ll go straight to the Taj Mahal. As the first little rays of light touch the building, the white marble starts to glow, with pinkish tones, orange, and gold, that feels truly unreal.

This monument was built by the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan as a remembrance of his cherished wife Mumtaz Mahal. Today, it’s known as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and also sits among the New Seven Wonders of the World.

Most people end up being surprised by things like:

·        The near perfect symmetrical layout

·        Intricate marble inlay designs

·        Lovely Persian inspired gardens

·        Water reflecting pools that make the whole place look even more beautiful

·        Careful calligraphy and artistic craftsmanship

Honestly, seeing the Taj Mahal at sunrise, is one of those moments you keep, for the rest of your life.

Tour Highlights

Visit the Taj Mahal:

• Marvel at the breathtaking beauty of the Taj Mahal, a masterpiece of Mughal architecture UNESCO World Heritage sites and one of the Seven Wonders of the World.
• ltimad-ud-Daulah (Baby Taj) is located on the eastern bank of the Yamuna river, 10 minutes away from the Taj Mahal. It was inspiration behind the construction of the Taj Mahal. Beautiful architecture of the monument which made the must visit place in Agra.

Explore Agra Fort:

• Discover the grandeur of Agra Fort, a magnificent red sandstone fortress that served as the residence of Mughal emperors. The Agra Fort (Qila Agra) is a historical Mughal Fort in the city of Agra, also known as Agra's Red Fort.  Explore its palaces, halls, gardens and mosques, and get a view of the Taj Mahal from the fort.

Comfortable return toward Delhi

Once the sightseeing part is finished, the trip back to Delhi starts. Because the road infrastructure is really excellent, the return drive feels smooth and practical. The Taj Mahal Sunrise Day Tour by Car becomes an ideal option for anyone who has not much time.

This tour is particularly liked by:

·        International visitors

·        Families

·        Couples

·        Solo wanderers

·        Business travellers

For those who doesn’t have a lot of time this tour is ideal.

Why Choose Our Car Rental Service?

We Provide you all the facilities and accommodations you need.

1. 24/7 Available.

2. Pricing is clearly defined with no hidden costs.

3. Well-disinfected & maintained vehicles.

4. Easy online booking procedure.

5. Well-maintained cars.

6. Experienced, professional chauffeurs/driver who know routes very well.

7. No hidden charges with clear pricing.

10. As per your choice, new private air-conditioned Car.

11. Toll taxes, fuel charges, parking fees, and interstate taxes

12. Tour guide for you (optional)

13. Pre-booked Hotels for you on your chosen destination are also available if you want to include in your package.

Be it a short trip in the city, or an outstation trip, or a fancy trip on your special day, we are at your service, making sure no compromises are made when its comfort and care that matter to you. Book your car for next destination now with us.

Perfect Rentals for Your Cozy Journey-through-North India.

Depending upon the travel type and group size, there are different vehicle options available for selection.

•          Sedans – Suitable for passengers on their own or for couples who enjoy delightful private moments while on their journeys.

•          SUVs – Considerable space with the comforts of family and friends while fighting rough terrains, for small groups or families.

•          Tempo Traveller – Most suitable for larger groups or families, with lots of leg room and comfort-good for longer trips.

•          Luxury Vehicles – Exceptional luxury vehicles with added amenities, perfect for those after a luxury experience.

Hi Nature Lovers Who Care,

This is a personal message from me, Dr.Susan Sharma, founder of this website.

Thank you for registering with us.  We have a very active forum, which sees posts on travelling to various parts of India and the world.  I welcome many more of you to write in the forum about wildlife/environment related issues around where you are living.  Unlike instagram posts which have a very short shelf life,  your posts will be archived and can be reached anytime through the search functionality of our portal. 

This is also a request to subscribe to the IndianWildlifeClub You Tube Channel which has over 1000 videos uploaded.  Here is a link to your channel

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Our focus is on nature lovers who care. 

We upload a video every week, amplifying voices from the grass roots through our travel videos and podcasts.  

Please do subscribe ( if you have not already done so) and write in your suggestions/comments on the videos.  As a valued member of this portal, your comments are most valuable.

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Explore the Land of Ancient Monasteries, High-Altitude Villages, and Breathtaking Landscapes

Spiti Valley, nestled in the cold desert region of Himachal Pradesh, is one of India’s most spectacular travel destinations. Surrounded by towering Himalayan peaks, dramatic landscapes, and pristine rivers, Spiti offers a unique blend of natural beauty, adventure, and spirituality. Often referred to as the “Middle Land” between India and Tibet, the valley remains relatively untouched, making it a perfect destination for travelers seeking peace and authentic mountain experiences.

Discover Ancient Monasterie

Spiti Valley is home to some of the oldest and most significant Buddhist monasteries in the Himalayas. Key Monastery, perched dramatically on a hilltop, is the most iconic monastery in the region and serves as a major center of Buddhist learning. Tabo Monastery, often called the “Ajanta of the Himalayas,” is famous for its ancient murals and priceless Buddhist artwork. Dhankar Monastery, located on a cliff overlooking the confluence of rivers, offers both spiritual significance and breathtaking views of the valley below.

Explore Charming High-Altitude Villages

The villages of Spiti provide a fascinating glimpse into life in one of the highest inhabited regions of the world. Kaza, the largest town in the valley, serves as the main hub for travelers and offers a blend of modern facilities and traditional culture. Langza is known for its giant Buddha statue and ancient marine fossils, while Hikkim is famous for housing one of the world’s highest post offices. Komic, another remarkable village, is among the highest motorable villages in the world and offers stunning views of the surrounding mountains.

The Magic of Chandratal Lake

One of the highlights of any Spiti Valley trip is a visit to Chandratal Lake. Known as the “Moon Lake,” this high-altitude lake is famous for its crystal-clear blue waters and dramatic mountain backdrop. The lake changes colors throughout the day, creating a mesmerizing sight for visitors. Camping near Chandratal under a sky filled with stars is an experience that remains unforgettable for every traveler.

A Paradise for Adventure Seekers

Spiti Valley is a dream destination for adventure enthusiasts. The challenging mountain roads attract bikers and road-trip lovers from across the country, while trekking routes offer opportunities to explore remote landscapes and hidden villages. River crossings, mountain trails, and high-altitude camping add to the excitement, making Spiti one of the most rewarding destinations for adventure travel in India.

Experience the Unique Culture of Spiti

Despite its remote location, Spiti Valley boasts a rich cultural heritage shaped by centuries of Tibetan Buddhist influence. Traditional mud-brick houses, colorful prayer flags, local festivals, and warm hospitality create a unique atmosphere that sets the valley apart. Visitors have the opportunity to interact with locals, learn about their traditions, and experience a way of life that has remained largely unchanged for generations.

Best Time to Visit Spiti Valley

The best time to visit Spiti Valley is between May and October, when the roads are accessible and the weather is pleasant for sightseeing and outdoor activities. During these months, travelers can comfortably explore monasteries, villages, and natural attractions. Winter, on the other hand, transforms the valley into a snowy wonderland, offering a completely different experience for those seeking solitude and adventure.

Conclusion

Spiti Valley is more than just a travel destination — it is a journey into the heart of the Himalayas. From ancient monasteries and picturesque villages to stunning landscapes and thrilling adventures, every moment spent in Spiti leaves a lasting impression. Whether you are a nature lover, photographer, spiritual seeker, or adventure enthusiast, Spiti Valley promises an unforgettable experience that showcases the raw and untouched beauty of the Himalayas.

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